Description

Spinal tuberculosis, also known as Pott's disease or tuberculous spondylitis, is a form of tuberculosis that primarily affects the spine. It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, the same pathogen responsible for pulmonary TB. This condition leads to the gradual destruction of the spinal bones (vertebrae), which can cause severe back pain, stiffness, and deformity. If left untreated, spinal TB can result in serious complications such as spinal instability, neurological deficits, and even paralysis due to the compression of the spinal cord or nerves. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent permanent damage and improve outcomes. Symptoms The symptoms of spinal tuberculosis can vary depending on the stage and severity of the infection. Common symptoms include: • Back Pain: Persistent, deep-seated back pain is often the first symptom. The pain may be localised to the spine or radiate to other areas. • Stiffness and Limited Mobility: Patients may experience stiffness in the back and difficulty moving, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity. • Fever and Night Sweats: Systemic symptoms such as low-grade fever, night sweats, and general malaise can accompany spinal TB, similar to other forms of tuberculosis. • Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss and loss of appetite are common, as the body fights off the infection. • Neurological Symptoms: If the infection affects the spinal cord or nerves, symptoms may include numbness, tingling, weakness in the limbs, or even paralysis. • Deformity: Advanced spinal TB can cause deformities such as kyphosis (hunchback) due to vertebral collapse and spinal instability. • Abscess Formation: In some cases, paravertebral abscesses (abscesses adjacent to the spine) can form, leading to additional symptoms like a visible swelling or tenderness in the back. • Spinal Instability: Severe cases can result in instability of the spine, making the spine more prone to fractures or deformities.